What Every Body Is Saying About Thesis Statement Argumentative Essay Is Dead Wrong and Why

What Every Body Is Saying About Thesis Statement Argumentative Essay Is Dead Wrong and Why The Number One Question You Must Ask for Thesis Statement Argumentative Essay Keep revising your own idea till you get original and intriguing claims which you are excited to write about. A thesis produces a particular statement to the reader what you are going to be attempting to argue. The type of thesis statement included in the paper determines the standard of the paper. For instance, you can create a thesis statement that's associated with health. What Is So Fascinating About Thesis Statement Argumentative Essay? Once you're done writing, it's important to get someone take another look at your paper so that you're able to ensure there aren't any mistakes or errors. Choose from popular topics that folks are passionate about. The actual folks highly praise our essay help site. Helping students with explaining the feeling of an issue to the audience is the way it works. Whenever so meone finishes reading your conclusion, they ought to have zero question about what your stance is on the matter. Your thesis summarizes the argument you're going to be making in your paper, so you wish to be sure that your point of view is crystal clear and debatable. You would like your audience to don't have any doubt about your point. Always, you must be clear to the point. Deciding upon a sort of claim or argument can help you keep your thesis from becoming too wide. You want to demonstrate the importance of a particular side of a situation. You first have to select a good topic with an argument, credible information to strengthen your viewpoint, a good stance on your side, and a superb counter-argument that will help you sound less biased. When the topic was decided, it is crucial to come up with an argument surrounding the exact same. Your thesis statement has become the most important sentence in your essay. If you would like your thesis to be classified as a thesis and not only a useless sentence, utilize an extremely precise tone and specific words. A thesis is a one or two sentence overview of the principal function of the paper. It can be included at the start of the paper. In order to supply an in-depth understanding about the argumentative essay, it is advisable to take a look at some of the greatest examples of argumentative essay. Therefore, it's logical that for each specific sort of essay you ought to use your very own corresponding thesis creator. The essay should have a little bit of structure, unlike a normal essay. Bear in mind an argument essay ought to be somewhat persuasive. Consequently, students may develop different thesis for unique themes to compose essays on hamlet. On the flip side, students who write very good thesis discover that it's effortless to write excellent papers. Thesis Statement Argumentative Essay Writing quality essays is the principal purpose of our services. It is suggested to look for the one which has a great reputation and offers high-quality papers at inexpensive prices. Now you're acquainted much closer with statement generators of various kinds. Ally you must do is to correctly submit your order instructions and produce the payment. Luckily, there are a number of basic rules you may follow to make sure your thesis statement is effective and interesting. At any time you start to compose an essay, the very first paragraph of your piece ought to be your thesis statement. Since you may see, there isn't any universal thesis statement formula as every kind of a writing assignment needs a different strategy. Still, there are a few basic guidelines to bear in mind when it has to do with an argumentative thesis statement. Your strongest point needs to be revealed in the last body paragraph. You should make your argument as clear and specific as possible. Thus in the instance of all thesis statements, valid arguments should be present to support the principal point of the essay.

World War I An Overview of 1915

With the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, large-scale fighting commenced between the Allies (Britain, France, and Russia) and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire). In the west, Germany sought to utilize the Schlieffen Plan which called for a swift victory over France so that troops could then be shifted east to fight Russia. Sweeping through neutral Belgian, the Germans had initial success until being halted in September at the  First Battle of the Marne. Following the battle, Allied forces and the Germans attempted several flanking maneuvers until the front extended from the English Channel to the Swiss frontier. Unable to achieve a breakthrough, both sides began digging in and constructing elaborate systems of trenches.   To the east, Germany won a stunning victory over the Russians at Tannenberg in late August 1914, while the Serbs threw back an Austrian invasion of their country. Though beaten by the Germans, the Russians won a key victory over the Austrians as the Battle of Galicia a few weeks later. As 1915 began and both sides realized that the conflict would not be swift, the combatants moved to enlarge their forces and shift their economies to a war footing. German Outlook in 1915 With the beginning of trench warfare on the Western Front, both sides began assessing their options for bringing the war to a successful conclusion. Overseeing German operations, Chief of the General Staff Erich von Falkenhayn preferred to focus on winning the war on the Western Front as he believed that a separate peace could be obtained with Russia if they were allowed to exit the conflict with some pride. This approach clashed with Generals Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff who wished to deliver a decisive blow in the East. The heroes of Tannenberg, they were able to use their fame and political intrigue to influence the German leadership. As a result, the decision was made to focus on the Eastern Front in 1915. Allied Strategy In the Allied camp there was no such conflict. Both the British and French were eager to expel the Germans from the territory they had occupied in 1914. For the latter, it was both a matter of national pride and economic necessity as the occupied territory contained much of Frances industry and natural resources. Instead, the challenge faced by the Allies was the matter of where to attack. This choice was largely dictated by the terrain of the Western Front. In the south, the woods, rivers, and mountains precluded conducting a major offensive, while the sodden soil of coastal Flanders quickly turned into a quagmire during shelling. In the center, the highlands along the Aisne and Meuse Rivers too greatly favored the defender. As a result, the Allies focused their efforts on the chalklands along the Somme River in Artois and to the south in Champagne. These points were located on the edges of the deepest German penetration into France and successful attacks had the potential to cut off the enemy forces. In addition, breakthroughs at these points would sever German rail links east which would compel them to abandon their position in France (Map). Fighting Resumes While fighting had occurred through the winter, the British renewed the action in earnest on March 10, 1915, when they launched an offensive at Neuve Chapelle. Attacking in an effort to capture Aubers Ridge, British and Indian troops from Field Marshal Sir John Frenchs British Expeditionary Force (BEF) shattered the German lines and had some initial success. The advance soon broke down due to communication and supply issues and ridge was not taken. Subsequent German counterattacks contained the breakthrough and the battle ended on March 13. In the wake of the failure, French blamed the result on a lack of shells for his guns. This precipitated the Shell Crisis of 1915 which brought down Prime Minister H.H. Asquiths Liberal government and forced an overhaul of the munitions industry. Gas Over Ypres Though Germany had elected to follow an east-first approach, Falkenhayn began planning for an operation against Ypres to begin in April. Intended as a limited offensive, he sought to divert Allied attention from troop movements east, secure a more commanding position in Flanders, as well as to test a new weapon, poison gas. Though tear gas had been used against the Russians in January, the Second Battle of Ypres marked the debut of lethal chlorine gas. Around 5:00 PM on April 22, chlorine gas was released over a four-mile front. Striking a section line held by French territorial and colonial troops, it quickly killed around 6,000 men and forced the survivors to retreat. Advancing, the Germans made swift gains, but in the growing darkness they failed to exploit the breach. Forming a new defensive line, British and Canadian troops mounted a vigorous defensive over the next several days. While the Germans conducted additional gas attacks, Allied forces were able to implement improvised solutions to counter its effects. Fighting continued until May 25, but the Ypres salient held. Artois and Champagne Unlike the Germans, the Allies possessed no secret weapon when they began their next offensive in May. Striking at the German lines in Artois on May 9, the British sought to take Aubers Ridge. A few days later, the French entered the fray to the south in an effort to secure Vimy Ridge. Dubbed the Second Battle of Artois, the British were stopped dead, while the General Philippe Pà ©tains XXXIII Corps succeeded in reaching the crest of Vimy Ridge. Despite Pà ©tains success, the French lost the ridge to determined German counterattacks before their reserves could arrive. Marshal Joseph Joffre. Photograph Source: Public Domain Reorganizing during the summer as additional troops became available, the British soon took over the front as far south as the Somme. As troops were shifted, General Joseph Joffre, the overall French commander, sought to renew the offensive in Artois during the fall along with an assault in Champagne. Recognizing the obvious signs of impending attack, the Germans spent the summer strengthening their trench system, ultimately constructing a line of supporting fortifications three miles deep. Opening the Third Battle of Artois on September 25, British forces attacked at Loos while the French assaulted Souchez. In both cases, the attack was preceded by a gas attack with mixed results. While the British made initial gains, they were soon forced back as communication and supply problems emerged. A second attack the next day was bloodily repulsed. When the fighting subsided three weeks later, over 41,000 British troops had been killed or wounded for the gain of a narrow two-mile deep salient. To the south, the French Second and Fourth Army attacked along a twenty-mile front in Champagne on September 25. Meeting stiff resistance, Joffres men gallantly attacked for over a month. Ending in early November, the offensive at no point had gained more than two miles, but the French lost 143,567 killed and wounded. With 1915 coming to a close, the Allies had been bled badly and had showed that they had learned little about attacking trenches while the Germans had become masters at defending them. The War at Sea A contributing factor the pre-war tensions, the results of the naval race between Britain and Germany were now put to the test. Superior in numbers to the German High Seas Fleet, the Royal Navy opened the fighting with a raid on the German coast on August 28, 1914. The resulting Battle of Heligoland Bight was a British victory. While neither sides battleships were involved, the fight led Kaiser Wilhelm II to order the navy to hold itself back and avoid actions which can lead to greater losses. Off the west coast of South America, German fortunes were better as Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spees small German East Asiatic Squadron inflicted a severe defeat on a British force at the Battle of Coronel on November 1. Touching off a panic at the Admiralty, Coronel was the worst British defeat at sea in a century. Dispatching a powerful force south, the Royal Navy crushed Spee at the Battle of the Falklands a few weeks later. In January 1915, the British utilized radio intercepts to learn about an intended German raid on the fishing fleet at Dogger Bank. Sailing south, Vice Admiral David Beatty intended to cut off and destroy the Germans. Spotting the British on January 24, the Germans fled for home, but lost an armored cruiser in the process. Blockade and U-boats With the Grand Fleet based at Scapa Flow in the Orkney Islands, the Royal Navy imposed a tight blockade on the North Sea to halt trade to Germany. Though of dubious legality, Britain mined large tracts of the North Sea and stopped neutral vessels. Unwilling to risk the High Seas Fleet in battle with the British, the Germans began a program of submarine warfare using U-boats. Having scored some early successes against obsolete British warships, the U-boats were turned against merchant shipping with the goal of starving Britain into submission. While early submarine attacks required the U-boat to surface and give warning before firing, the Kaiserliche Marine (German Navy) slowly moved to a shoot without warning policy. This was initially resisted by Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg who feared that it would antagonize neutrals such as the United States. In February 1915, Germany declared the waters around the British Isles to be a war zone and announced that any vessel in the area would be sunk without warning. German U-boats hunted throughout the spring until U-20 torpedoed the liner RMS Lusitania off the south coast of Ireland on May 7, 1915. Killing 1,198 people, including 128 Americans, the sinking ignited international outrage. Coupled with the sinking of RMS Arabic in August, the sinking of Lusitania led to intense pressure from the United States to discontinue what had become known as unrestricted submarine warfare. On August 28, Germany, unwilling to risk war with the United States, announced that passenger ships would no longer be attacked without warning. Death From Above While new tactics and approaches were being tested at sea, an entirely new military branch was coming into existence in the air. The advent of military aviation in the years prior to the war offered both sides the opportunity to conduct extensive aerial reconnaissance and mapping over the front. While the Allies initially dominated the skies, the German development of a working synchronization gear, which allowed a machine gun to safely fire through the arc of the propeller, quickly changed the equation. Synchronization gear-equipped Fokker E.Is appeared over the front in the summer of 1915. Sweeping aside Allied aircraft, they initiated the Fokker Scourge which gave the Germans command of the air on the Western Front. Flown by early aces such as Max Immelmann and Oswald Boelcke, the E.I dominated the skies into 1916. Quickly moving to catch up, the Allies introduced a new set of fighters, including the Nieuport 11 and Airco DH.2. These aircraft allowed them to regain air superiority prior to the great battles of 1916. For the remainder of the war, both sides continued to develop more advanced aircraft and famous aces, such as Manfred von Richthofen, The Red Baron, became pop icons. The War on the Eastern Front While the war in the West remained largely stalemated, the fighting in the East retained a degree of fluidity. Though Falkenhayn had advocated against it, Hindenburg and Ludendorff began planning an offensive against the Russian Tenth Army in the area of the Masurian Lakes. This attack would be supported by Austro-Hungarian offensives in the south with the goal of retaking Lemberg and relieving the besieged garrison at Przemysl. Relatively isolated in the eastern part of East Prussia, General Thadeus von Sievers Tenth Army had not be been reinforced and was forced to rely on General Pavel Plehves Twelfth Army, then forming to the south, for aid. Opening the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes (Winter Battle in Masuria) on February 9, the Germans made quick gains against the Russians. Under heavy pressure, the Russians were soon threatened with encirclement. While most of the Tenth Army fell back, Lieutenant General Pavel Bulgakovs XX Corps was encircled in the Augustow Forest and forced to surrender on February 21. Though lost, XX Corps stand allowed the Russians to form a new defensive line further east. The next day, Plehves Twelfth Army counterattacked, halting the Germans and ending the battle (Map). In the south, the Austrian offensives proved largely ineffective and Przemysl surrendered on March 18. The Gorlice-Tarnow Offensive Having sustained heavy losses in 1914 and early 1915, the Austrian forces were increasingly supported and led by their German allies. On the other side, the Russians were suffering from severe shortages of rifles, shells, and other war materials as their industrial base slowly retooled for war. With the success in the north, Falkenhayn began planning for an offensive in Galicia. Spearheaded by General August von Mackensens Eleventh Army and the Austrian Fourth Army, the attack commenced on May 1 along a narrow front between Gorlice and Tarnow. Striking a weak point in the Russian lines, Mackensens troops shattered the enemy position and drove deep into their rear. By May 4, Mackensens troops had reached open country causing the entire Russian position in the center of the front to collapse (Map). As the Russians fell back, German and Austrian troops moved forward reaching Przemysl on May 13 and taking Warsaw on August 4. Though Ludendorff repeatedly requested permission to launch a pincer attack from the north, Falkenhayn refused as the advance continued. By early September, the Russian frontier fortresses at Kovno, Novogeorgievsk, Brest-Litovsk, and Grodno had fallen. Trading space for time, the Russian retreat ended in mid-September as the fall rains began and German supply lines became over-extended. Though a severe defeat, Gorlice-Tarnow greatly shortened the Russians front and their army remained a coherent fighting force. A New Partner Joins the Fray With the outbreak of the war in 1914, Italy elected to remain neutral despite being a signatory of the Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary. Though pressed by its allies, Italy argued that the alliance was defensive in nature and that since Austria-Hungary was the aggressor it did not apply. As a result, both sides actively began courting Italy. While Austria-Hungary offered French Tunisia if Italy remained neutral, the Allies indicated they would allow the Italians to take land in the Trentino and Dalmatia if they entered the war. Electing to take the latter offer, the Italians concluded the Treaty of London in April 1915, and declared war on Austria-Hungary the following month. They would declare war on Germany the following year. Italian Offensives Due to the alpine terrain along the frontier, Italy was limited to attacking Austria-Hungary through the mountain passes of the Trentino or through the Isonzo River valley in the east. In both cases, any advance would require moving over difficult terrain. As Italys army was poorly equipped and under-trained, either approach was problematic. Electing to open hostilities through the Isonzo, the unpopular Field Marshal Luigi Cadorna hoped to cut through the mountains to reach the Austrian heartland. Already fighting a two-front war against Russia and Serbia, the Austrians scraped together seven divisions to hold the frontier. Though outnumbered more than 2 to 1, they repelled Cadornas frontal attacks during the First Battle of the Isonzo from June 23 to July 7. Despite severe losses, Cadorna launched three more offensives during 1915, all of which failed. As the situation on the Russian front improved, the Austrians were able to reinforce the Isonzo front, effectively eliminating the Italian threat (Map).

Who Was Georg Simmel to Sociology

Georg Simmel was an early German sociologist and structural theorist who focused on urban life and the form of the metropolis. He was known for creating social theories that fostered an approach to the study of society that broke with the then-accepted scientific methodology used to examine the natural world. Simmel is widely taught alongside his contemporary Max Weber, as well as Marx and Durkheim, in courses on classical social theory. Simmels Early History and Education Simmel was born on March 1, 1858, in Berlin (which, at the time, was the Kingdom of Prussia, prior to the creation of the German state). Though he was born into a large family and his father died when Simmel was relatively young, he received a comfortable inheritance that allowed him to pursue a life of scholarship. Simmel studied philosophy and history at the University of Berlin. (Sociology as a discipline was beginning to take shape, but was not yet fully developed.) He received his Ph.D. in 1881 based on a study of Immanuel Kants theories of philosophy. Following his degree, Simmel taught philosophy, psychology, and early sociology courses at his alma mater. Career Highlights and Obstacles Over the course of the next 15 years, Simmel lectured and worked as a public sociologist, authoring numerous articles on his topics of study for newspapers and magazines. His writing became popular, making him well-known and respected across Europe and in the United States. Ironically, Simmels groundbreaking body of work was shunned by conservative members of the academy, who refused to recognize his achievements with formal academic appointments. Exacerbating Simmels frustrations were the chilling effects of the rising anti-Semitism he faced as a Jew.   Refusing to knuckle under, Simmel, redoubled his commitment to advancing sociological thinking and his burgeoning discipline. In 1909, along with Ferdinand Tonnies and Max Weber, he co-founded the German Society for Sociology. Death and Legacy Simmel wrote prolifically throughout his career, penning more than 200 articles for various outlets, both scholarly and non-academic, as well as 15 very highly regarded books.  He passed away in 1918, after succumbing to a battle with liver cancer. Simmels work laid the foundation for the development of structuralist approaches to studying society, and to the development of the discipline of sociology in general. His works proved especially inspiring to those who pioneered the field of urban sociology in the United States, including the Chicago School of Sociologys Robert Park. Simmels legacy in Europe includes shaping the intellectual development and writing of social theorists Gyà ¶rgy Lukà ¡cs, Ernst Bloch, and Karl Mannheim, among others. Simmels approach to studying mass culture also served as a theoretical foundation for members of The Frankfort School. Major Publications On Social Differentiation (1890)The Problems of the Philosophy of History (1892)Introduction to the Science of Ethics (1892-1893)The Philosophy of Money (1900)Sociology: Investigations on the Forms of Sociation (1908) Updated  by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Gandhi s Struggle Towards Independence - 1114 Words

Mohandas Gandhi was known in history for nonviolent philosophy with passive resistance. His nick name was ‘mahatma’ this translated to ‘the great souled one’. He was in South Africa before returning to his birth place of India in the 1900s. During World War 1, Gandhi was the main leading person in India’s struggle toward independence from Great Britain. He lived an ascetic lifestyle, which means he only dressed in loincloth and shawl. This was to show his Hindu faith. Gandhi was imprisoned many times because he would not cooperate with authorities. He took many strikes for hunger to show the life of the poorest classes in India, along with other injustices. Gandhi was shot and killed in 1948 by a Hindu fundamentalist. In Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi’s early life, his father was the chief minister. His mother was very religious, which taught self-discipline and nonviolence. He was born on October 2nd 1869, in the city of Porbandar which today is Gujarat. He left home at 19 to study law in London within the college of Inner Temple, which was one of the four main law schools. He returned to India in 1891 to set up his own law firm, but had little success. He then left and joined a job position that was a law firm and sent him to South Africa. He brought along his wife, Kastubai and kids. Gandhi stayed in Africa for about 20 years. In the salt march in the months of April and May 1930, thousands of people went from Ahmadabad to the Arabian Sea while following Gandhi. During theShow MoreRelatedGandhi : Gandhi And Influential Religious Political Leaders Of The Twentieth Century1464 Words   |  6 PagesMohandas Karamchand Gandhi was one of the most admired and influential religious political leaders of the twentieth century. Gandhi is acknowledged as the Father of the Nation or Bapu due to his astonishing contributions towards the independence of India, by becoming an amazing freedom fighter who led India as a leader of Nationalism, against British rule. Gandhi was one of such that believed in nonviolence, the unity of people, and bringing spirituality upon Indian politics. He worked incrediblyRead MoreIndia Challenges Of India s Indian Movement Of Independence1477 Words   |  6 Pages2015 Gandhi challenges British rule in India When one imagines of the early 1940s’ Indian movement of independence, one figure readily clicks into the mind; the popular Mahatma Gandhi, who was an immensely leader in India. He was nicknamed Mahatma by most of his countrymen, a name that meant â€Å"The Great Soul†. This leader led to a remarkable change of the world far much beyond his sacrificial and successful struggle that led to the end of the British imperial rule in his nation, India. Gandhi believedRead MoreThe Indian Independence Movement Of India1129 Words   |  5 PagesI am going to be focusing in on the later half on the Indian independence movement (1918-1947) leading up till the riots that caused the partition of India. This means that I will be analyzing the complete territory of India that was present during that time period. There are several reasons I am focusing in on this time period. First I will be researching about the independence movement which eventually led to the Indian Independence Act of 1947 and then see how that leads to the partition of IndiaRead MoreGandhi : An Indian Politician1164 Words   |  5 PagesMohandas Karamchand Gandhi born in 2 October 1869 in Porbandar and died in Delhi on January 30 1948, at the age of 78 years old. He is from a rich Hindouiste family of the caste of Vaishyas (caste of the traders), just below the caste of the members of a religious order of the warriors. He is the youngest of his 3 other brothers. He was a spiritual guide and an Indian politician. His father, Karamchand Gandhi, is Prime Minister of a small principality by inheritance of the privileges of his familyRead MoreEssay on Gandhi`s Passion Towards Helping Indians1125 Words   |  5 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Mohandas Gandhi was born in Porbandar, a small coastal town in the western region of British ruled India on October 2, 1867. Gandhi’s father was a politician and served as Prime Minister to a number of local Indian Princes. His mother, Putilibai, was Gandhi’s father’s fourth wife. His parents were not well educated but his mother was literate. Despite their educational problems they were well off and owned several houses in Porbandar, and in nearby villages. BecauseRead MoreMahatma Gandhi And The Indian National Congress1264 Words   |  6 PagesMahatma Gandhi is a non-violent protestor who joined a party called the Indian National Congress. Gandhi is known for his famous speeches and how he peacefully protested to gain his freedom and equal rights for all his fellow people in India from the British. Gandhi’s passion for wanting equal rights led everyone to freedom in India in 1947 when Gandhi was 78. In South Asia a person regarded with reverence or loving respect; a holy person or sage. Gandhi was born on October 2nd 1869 in ProbanderRead MoreBook - Waiting for the Mahatma - Plot vs Style1221 Words   |  5 Pageswhich was in the state of Tamil Nadu in South India, where realistic characters in a typically Indian setting lived amid unpredictable events. The book ‘Waiting for the Mahatma’ written by Narayan begins in latter part of the colonial era, in the 1940’s, when the Quit India movement is taking place. Though a greater part of this book is set in Malgudi and its surrounding villages, some scenes take place in other parts of the country like Delhi. Style in literature is the result of a successful blendingRead MoreGandhi : A Leader Of Indian Nationalism Essay1059 Words   |  5 PagesMohandas Karamchand Gandhi, commonly known as Mohatma Gandhi, was the preeminent leader of Indian nationalism in British ruled India. He led India to independence by a nonviolent movement. He is widely considered as the most powerful and successful leader in the history of India. He believed in nonviolence. Many people believe that Mohatma Gandhi has abrupt contribution in the history of India. But it is a matter of sorrow that this leader had some problems that led the country towards an unknown futureRead MoreFrantz Fanon1550 Words   |  7 Pagesthe 1940’ s-60 when decolonization was becoming popular. Fanon was greatly involved in the decolonization struggle, and in his book The Wretched of the Earth, Fanon explains and observes the ways in which the colonized shall attempt to declare their rights from the colonizers. Fanon believed th at the only way for the colonized to earn their independence, they would have to violently rebel against the colonizers. The famous movie or book series, The Hunger Games, highlights the same struggle Fanon explainsRead MoreMahatma Gandhi : An Ethical Leader1292 Words   |  6 Pagesdrops of the ocean are dirty, the ocean does not become dirty† (Mahatma Gandhi). This is one of the many inspirational quotes derived from one of the many more teachings Mahatma Gandhi accomplished throughout his life time. To become a leader one must be great, whether born gifted or to eventually achieve greatness. To become an ethical leader one must surpass the expectations that even society has set forth. Mahatma Gandhi has been viewed by most as a definite ethical leader. He has set the bar

My Family A Christian Family - 1463 Words

I grew up in Peru in a Christian family, more specifically, an Evangelical one. At first, my family was Catholic however, in the year 2000 we converted to Evangelical. The mom of one of my friends in preschool invited my parents to her church’s anniversary and that is when everything changed for my family. Back then, I was a 6 year old child who did not have an understand of what was happening; all I can remember is my parents taking me and my sisters to the church every Sunday. By seeing old pictures, it is noticeable how my family changed completely after all of this. Before, as Catholics, we did believe in God and my three sisters and I were baptized in water when we were babies; however, we just attended church on special days or†¦show more content†¦In 1529, the â€Å"Protestant† word started being used since they were ‘protesting’ against the Church and its system; before that, these people referred to themselves as â€Å"reformers† because the word â€Å"protestants† sounded aggressive and negative. Therefore, different denomination names started appearing and each of them moved from Europe to different places, like America, where they started establishing themselves. I would only discuss about the Methodists and the Evangelical denominations since these two had been part of my family and my life as I grew up as a Christian. The Methodists were formed in England guided by John Wesley and they finally established themselves properly in America after the American Revolution. Before that, Wesley and other missionaries came to America, however, it wasn’t until around 1760 when they start settling their church successfully in colonies across the South and West (The United Methodist Church, 2016). I learned some of this during middle and high school since I attended a Methodist school and I had to know their history. My parents put me there because they found out that the Methodist and the Evangelical religion share a lot of things since both started from the Protestant movement. Talking about the origins of the Evangelical religion, it also appeared in the 18th century as part of the Protestantism, however, it involves a lot the different denominations that moved here to the United States. What help definingShow MoreRelatedMy Understanding Of Family Life And The Meaning And Content Of Christian Faith955 Words   |  4 Pageslistened to the radio broadcasts provided by the conservative Christian organization, Focus on the Family–both the daily broadcast on family issues and the weekly broadcast of the radio drama for children, Adventures in Odyssey. My understanding of family life and the meaning and content of Christian faith was heavily influenced by these broadcasts. I listened carefully to the dangers of straying beyond the strict confines of conservative Christian morality, and I can still hear the emphatic tone of voiceRead MoreReflection Paper On Structural Family Therapy755 Words   |  4 Pages As I Christian, I hold relationships in high esteem because I believe that relationships have the potential to highlight God’s glory in a unique way. I agree with S. J. Grenz (2002) that â€Å"the image of Cod does not lie in the individual per se, but in the relationality of persons in community† (p. 54). I believe that Satan knows this truth and attacks relationships in order to ruin God’s glory. In my opinion, this is evident by the amount of pain that occurs in relationships. I desire to bring gloryRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Family Therapy1629 Words   |  7 Pagesthis paper is to prepare an an notated bibliography on family therapy with emphasis on ethnicity and sociocultural influences on the problems of communication. This research includes twelve resources on authors with the following annotations: Delineation of the main focus or purpose of each author s work; Background and credibility of each author; Intended audience for the work; Any unique feature of the work; Theoretical understandings; Family therapy strategies or techniques; and a Conclusion orRead MoreFamily Ministry : A Comprehensive Guide928 Words   |  4 Pagesthis class with reading what Family Ministry is defined as opened up my view on how Family Ministry can be diverse in a variety of understanding. Diana Garland stated that â€Å"family ministry is any activity that directly or indirectly (1) forms families in the congregation community; (2) increases the Christlikeness of the family relationships of Christians; or (3) equips and supports families for the work to which they are called together.â⠂¬  Earlier in that reading, Family Ministry: A ComprehensiveRead MoreChristian Worldview Essay Paper1121 Words   |  5 PagesChristian Worldview Paper – Second Draft Christine Reiter CWV 101 – Christian World View 11/25/2012 Dr. Jim Uhley My Worldview My worldview is formed by my relationships, challenges and choices I have made, environmental surroundings and my family influence, all which have impressed on me my views of the world. According to Merriam-Webster’s Learners Dictionary, the definition of â€Å"Worldview† is â€Å"The way someone thinks about the world†. Although this simple phrase seems to the point, itRead MoreThe American Suburbs Are A Valuable Community For Families1669 Words   |  7 Pages The American suburbs are a valuable community for families. Some would debate that they are the best place to raise a family. They can provide a safe, loving, and nourishing place for a children but can also be a sheltered place to grow up. Suburbs are places with community and family and are a very important part of today s society and culture. â€Å"For many Americans the word suburb conjures up an image of post-world war II single family tract homes, products of the age of automobiles and superhighways†Read MoreHow do We Say our Last Good Byes in Mexico and in India Essay968 Words   |  4 Pagesthe culture, religion, customs and our own beliefs. However, there are some diffe rences between Indian Hindus and Mexican Christians as well as similarities between both countries and religions. Cooking their favorite meals on their deceased loved ones birthday, and anniversaries, is just one example of similarities they both have. Jumpa Lahiri describes that Gogol and his family prepared Ashoke’s favorite meal (Gogol’s father) on his first death anniversary (Namesake, Chapter 7). First, CustomsRead MoreFamily : Family With Family Essay1444 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Interview Family Therapy is a great way to open up and really get concerns and issues out in the open with families. The assignment was to have a non-clinical family interview, it was not like a therapy session, but it gave great insight of have a family session could go, it was a great experience. It allowed me to be the interviewer and ask questions about a family. It was a really interesting assignment. It consisted of selecting a family, asking questions, observing, and forming my thoughtsRead MoreThe Essence Of Arthur Dorl1184 Words   |  5 PagesDorl My cultural identity is a white, twenty-year old, German American, whose Christian and Republican. I hold true to the Bible and the life of Jesus Christ, Republican values and have high value for friends and family. With family and friends, my level of affection and openness varies slightly. I do not openly show affection towards family, but I would do anything to protect them, their integrity, and would not hesitate to lay down my life for them. Despite my willingness to protect family no matterRead MoreThe Importance Of Being A European American943 Words   |  4 Pagesin my (predominantly) Irish, British, and German heritage. Thanks to ancertory.com, I have been able to trace the clear majority of my family back to native European countries. Also, I have fun attempting to learn my native ancestral languages (impartially German,) dinning on European cuisines, and staying up-to-date on the latest European fashions. Like most Europeans, I too identify myself as being Christian. Unli ke most Europeans however, I take my Christian faith quite seriously. I try my best

Cross Cultural Management Report

Question: Discuss about the Cross Cultural Management Report. Answer: Introduction The rapid rate at which technology is changing and market boundary is expanding enables companies to start operating on global business. Most companies are crossing geographical boundaries purposely for multicultural organization which brings together managers from various countries. Effective use of knowledge possessed by mangers can reduce the production cost and make the business more competitive, besides they can also exploit the available business opportunities across the globe. Carrying out business in a foreign country always entail cross cultural management because every individual has to think about the differences in terms of culture (Trompenaars 1994, p.13). Though the practice can be more attractive and profitable, companies are faced by various factors such as cultural, political, environmental and economic which can hinder the accomplishment of the stated goals and missions in multicultural business. The differences of cross culture can be important (Adler 2008, p.12) f or the success of multi-cultural business activities. Considering India as the host country, the paper is going to analyze the discrepancies in Automobile industry and provide possible solutions for effective cross cultural business in the country. Automobile business in India has become globally competitive making India main target for foreign investors. According to (Hofstede, 1993), carrying out cross cultural business has reduced cases of regional and national differences making it more competitive. However, besides other difficulties such as language barrier, technology and law, culture has become the most hindrance to carrying business in India. It is evident that there is a big gap of cultural differences between India and other countries especially America as far as Hofstedes theory is concerned. (Hofstede 2001, p. 29) describes the five different cross-cultures as follows: power distance, individualism versus collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, long-term versus short-term oriented persons and masculinity versus femininity. Cross Cultural and Human Resource Management Issues Uncertainty Avoidance The culture of an organization needs to program its members in a way that they can either feel comfortable or uncomfortable in unstructured circumstances. Unknown or surprising situation are very common in various organization, however, the culture that guards business premises are very different meaning that organizations have specific degrees to which the avoid uncertainty. Americans are good at risk taking and are much flexible especially when dealing with tasks that are not succeeding unlike the Indians who only avoid risk. Communication barrier Not all non Indians understand the Indian English. Out of this many investors can easily face communication challenges especially during negotiations or even face to face meeting with Indians. Cases such as different sentence structure, speech patterns, accents and intonation, and difficulty in structuring complex information can be among the hindrances to be faced by managers from across the globe. The use of indirect communication styles such nodding of the head is mostly liked by Indians a gesture which cannot be easily understood by non-Indians. Actually Indians based their conclusions on assumptions making it harder for them to work with other people being that they do not wait for clarification. They do not communicate in time in case of delay or misunderstanding. This can lead to communication barrier between the business partners of the home and host country Power distance The extent to which the less powerful people in an organization accept that the power cannot be equality distributed in an organization refers to as power distance. When operating in a different country where people value power, it can be very hectic especially when it comes to power distribution. There is a big contrast in attitude and values between the high PDI countries and low PDI countries. Indians value power and therefore carrying out a business there can be very sensitive. Power will have to be distributed equally unlike US where that unequally distribute power among the subordinates. Recruitment and outsourcing Workforce can be effectively managed when working with people that one is well familiar with. It will be hard recruiting foreign people into the business and this therefore calls for proper understanding of partners before settling down for the business. Managers will have to outsource manpower from other organizations. Doing this can be very costly in terms of payments and risk taking in that no one knows the attitudes and values of the outsourced employees. Rights, discrimination and Conflict resolution Countries are ruled by strict laws that make discrimination and rights abuses in the workplace sternly punishable. HR managers dealing in multicultural organizations need to be aware that certain practices might be illegal in the country they are operating in same to home country and therefore proper understanding of the rights and laws result to proper management of personnel. Discrimination based on age, gender, religion and race, vary with the country and this can hinder the operation if not well reflected on. According to (Ting-Toomey, 1985), providing factual evidence and suggestion of possible solutions can help in solving conflict that may arise between business partners. Not all countries knows how to solve conflict and this can lead to failure of the business Decision making Decision making is more important especially when trying to combat the uncertainty in the market. Higher uncertainty avoidance translates to lack of adventurous spirits, and not in a position of making immediate decisions in case of uncertainty. Indians managers take less risky decisions barring them from any business opportunities that might accompany risk taking. In comparison to America Managers, will probably volunteer to take risk as they embrace new technology and can easily invest in new product out of risk taking. They are more of risk taking than risk avoiding. Motivational systems Output of any organization is highly linked to the way employees are motivated. As stated by Leung (1997), the method used in distributing payments as a way of motivating employees is dependent on cultural values of society. When payments are done equally then they will be embracing equality while if it is done based on performance then it will be out of equity. India being a collectivism society, they practice principle of equality as compared to America that majorly focuses on individualism thus practicing equity. Human resource management between these countries is not that easier and can negatively impact the productivity of the company. Micro and Macro Environmental Challenges Internationalization and Globalization are terms which became common in economic industries (Adler 2008, p 5). Managers from different countries who are coming together to set up a business should realize that there are both micro and macro environmental challenges to be faced when operating the business, some of them might be beyond their control and can directly or indirectly affect their business. It is therefore important to lay down strategies that will help in combating these challenges. Factors influencing business can be viewed from the internal known as micro-economic factors (Mussnig 2007, 41) and from the outside entitled macro-economic factors (McCarthy 1975, p. 37). Micro-environmental factors Competition Setting up an industry in a foreign country can be challenging especially when it comes to competition. That company will be facing stiff competition from other companies that are already operating, thus calling for suitable strategies which can yield suitable outcome or products. Automobile industry n India is more competitive being that it is among the biggest industries the whole world that are much competitive. Many other automobile industries have been set up within the country; therefore, it is prudent if new ways of outdoing other products are invented. Suppliers Choosing among the suppliers can play a big role in determining the success of the business. It is important to ensure that the selected supplier provides the best products to be used in the company. A case where the suppliers hold the business power in that they are the only suppliers can be a disadvantage to the business in that there will be no other alternatives. The products supplied should be those that can yields suitable output in the market thus calling for selecting suitable suppliers. Customers The major targets in the markets are the customers, the interests of customers is very important therefore before starting any business it is important to consider the interest of customers to be served. It is advisable to take a market survey and realize some of the customer needs especially at this era where technology is controlling things and the demand of people are changing. Customer is among the factors worth considering being that all that is about to be set up will serve them. Products of Automobile industry are very on high demand and customers most probably will go for current and new cars, thus, it the end product that will determine whether customers will buy them or decline. The general public Ignoring the public can greatly impact the success of the company industry. It is important to consider the public within which the company will be laid in. They are the great determinant of the business. Any action taken by the company should go hand in hand with the demand of the public. They can either contribute to the failure of the company or its success in that they have the power of controlling the companys activities. Macro environmental Factors Demographic forces Demographic forces within which the company is operating can easily impact the market segment. Forces such as age, ethnicity, household lifestyle, education level and cultural characteristics can be among the forces which will directly or indirectly affect the success of the business. When manufacturing cars, there are gases that are emitted into the environment. It is important to select an area that is not much populated so that to avoid cases of pollution to the surrounding. The age factor is also important when it comes to manufacturing of cars. There are some cars that cannot be used by old people or rather young people go for classy and current things. Producing cars that are outdated will be a waste and in fact nobody will buy them. Political and legal forces Every country has its own legal laws that regulate investors. Carrying out a business that is banned from that particular country will be an offence or even importing products from a different country yet they have been illegalized will be going against law. It is advisable to understand the political and legal laws of that particular country before settling down. India has laws that govern the operation of automobile industry which is not well understand can lead to termination of the project. Technology Technology is rapidly changing and it is beyond people to regulate it. It can directly or even indirectly impact the operation of any company thus call for regular advancing in knowledge in relation to the automobile industry. The products used in manufacturing cars are rapidly changing and failure to understand how they are operated or used can lead to outdated products. Recommendation Operating in multicultural organizations can increase the profitability and efficiency of the business. However, it is advisable for the business parties of the home and host countries to understand that there is cultural and human resource barriers to the success of the business. Laying down proper strategies and understanding the different cultures can an added advantage to the business. Environmental factors are beyond control, it is therefore important to know how to manage such factors such as technological obsolescence. Regular training and innovation can help in combating this issue. Conclusion The ability of an organization to retain, motivate and attract managers or customers from diverse cultural background may result to competitive advantage especially when they maintain the highest quality of human resource. Understanding the environmental factors both the micro and macro within which the company is set can be an achievement too. Organizations can gain a competitive advantage in problem solving, creativity, and flexible adaptation to change if they capitalizing on the potential benefits of cultural diversity in work groups. To avoid potential risks and achieve organizational goals, the managers should promote creativity and motivation and be culturally sensitive through flexible leadership. Reference List Adler, Nancy J.; Gunderson, Allison; 2008; International dimensions of organizational behavior; 5th Edition; Mason: Thomson Higher Education. Aguinis Herman, 2002. "The Search for Universals in Cross-Cultural Organisational Behavior". Chapter to appear in J Greenberg (ed), Organisational Behavior: The state of the science (2nd ed) Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Bond M and G Hofstede, 1989. "The cash value of Confucian values", Human System Management, 8, pp 195-200. Cavusgil , S.T., Gary Knight, John Riesenberger , Management the new realities (Student Value Edition (3rd Edition) (page 124-157, 2007)) Chang SJ, 1995. "International expansion strategy of Japanese firms: Capability building through sequential entry". Academy of Management Journal, 38 (2), pp 383-407. DiMaggio P and WW Powell, 1983. "The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organisational fields". American Sociological Review, 48: pp 147-180. Hofstede G, 1980. Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Hofstede, Geert; 2001; Cultures Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviours, Institutions and Organizations Across Nations; 2nd Edition; Thousand Oaks CA: Sage. Kundu, S C, Managing cross-cultural diversity a challenge for present and future organizations, The Journal of Delhi Business Review Vol. 2, No. 2, July - December 2001 Leung K, 1997. "Negotiation and reward allocations across cultures" in PC Earley and M Erez (eds) New Perspectives on International Industrial/organisational Psychology, pp 640-675. San Francisco: The New Lexington Press. McCarthy, Edmund Jerome; (1975); Basic Marketing; 5th edition; Homewood/III. Shamir B, 1990. "Calculations, values and identities: The sources of collectivistic work motivation". Human Relations, 43, pp 313-32. Ting-Toomey S, 1985. Toward a theory of conflict and culture. In WB Gudykunst, LP Stewart, S Ting-Toomey (eds). Communication, Culture and Organizational Processes, pp 71-86. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Trompenaars, Fons; (1994); Handbook Global Management; 1st Edition; Wien et al.: ECON Verlag

Analysis of Inequality in Riverlands Free Sample for Students

Question: Analysis the Inequality in Riverland. Answer: Introduction Several factors contribute to health inequalities in different regions in Australia. Each region has certain unique factors that contribute to the quality of health provided in that specific region. The quality differs in terms of the gender and the age. Some of the factors that affect the quality of healthcare in Riverlands include socioeconomic disadvantage, education, and occupation. Socioeconomic disadvantage is rated by the low income, high unemployment and low academic attainment (Uphoff Wright, 2013).Health inequalities in relation to the education level are measured by the level of education attained by the different individuals. These levels include a bachelor degree, a diploma, and lack of post-school qualification. The final factor is occupation, which involved the analysis of those with white collar jobs and those with blue-collar jobs (Peres, Sabbah Antunes 2015). This paper will be analyzing the findings on health inequalities within Riverlands Socioeconomic Factors The socioeconomic disadvantage has been associated with high mortality rates because of ill health. This is because they are less likely to prevent a disease or detect it in its early stages (Mithen Kavanagh, 2015). The disadvantaged groups are also more likely to engage in risky behaviors that may affect their health. This applies for both females and males of different ages. The inequalities in socioeconomic health are looked at in 4 stages, children and infants from 0-14 years, young adults from 15-24 years, middle age working adults between 25-64 and the older people from age 65 and older. With the use of the geographic measure known as the Index of Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage index (IRSD), the data is categorized based on the socioeconomic characteristics. For people aged between 0-14 years, the males from these disadvantaged backgrounds were found to have higher rates of asthma and bronchitis. For both male and female infants, there were lower chances of having been br eastfed. In terms of the duration of breastfeeding, the females were more disadvantaged as they were breastfed for less than duration of 12 months. This group of people was also likely to consult a doctor but less likely to seek medical help from a specialist such as a dentist. This was higher for females compared to the males. All these factors contribute to a difference in the kind of healthcare received by this age group in the socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. Individuals between the ages of 15-24 years were also assessed to show the existing differences in healthcare. Females in this age from disadvantaged areas have a higher rate of bronchitis. People of this age group from disadvantaged groups are more likely to engage in risky behaviors that may affect their health. Females have a high likelihood9of risking their health through alcohol consumption. The males in this group had higher smoking rates although the difference was not significant when compared to the rates in females. Both sexes had the likelihood of being obese and experiencing food insecurity are some of the major that contribute to health inequalities in Riverlands. Persons between ages 25-64 years from disadvantaged socioeconomic areas rate their health as being poor and have reported several instances of being ill compared to the people who are from areas that are least disadvantaged. Most males from this age group reported missing work because of an illness especially illnesses like arthritis compared to the females. Diabetes was also common among the individuals in this group (Gonzlez Stocks, 2017). Risky behaviors are also a contributing factor in this age in the disadvantaged areas with alcohol use, smoking, and lack of physical activity being among these factors. The males in this age were more likely to drink higher levels of alcohol compared to the women. Hypertension was also a major occurrence among this group of people. For those aged from 65 years and above, they reported a number of long-term illnesses compared to those in the least disadvantaged areas. Therefore, poor individuals in Riverlands are more likely to experience health inequality because of the high cost of medicine and hospital accommodation (Gunasekara, Carter McKenzie, 2013). Education Factors The next factor is health inequalities from the perspective of education. This determines an individuals health through the occupational opportunities that may result from their level of education and the income potential that accompanies their occupation (Turrell Giles-Corti, 2013). The knowledge and skills one gains from education can also help individuals in maintaining and improving their health. Studies in Australia have indicated that those who are less educated have poorer health. Higher education levels have been associated with lower mortality rates and lower rates of self-reported illnesses (Zhang Oldenburg, 2014). The risk behaviors among people with low education include; smoking, high blood pressure, obesity, and insufficient physical activity are the major factors are crucial in determining an individuals health, which are less likely to be experienced among the educated people because of their knowledge and understanding of the risks involved in engaging in such beha viors (Badland, Aye Butterworth, 2014). Therefore, the level of education between individuals and sections in the society are some of the major factors that contribute to the increased cases of health inequalities in Riverlands Individuals between the ages of 25-64 years with low educational qualifications had poor health ratings. In both males and females, those with low educational qualifications reported more cases of bronchitis and arthritis. Diabetes was more prevalent among the females who lacked post-school qualifications (Mithen Kavanagh, 2015). The number of males who engaged in risky alcohol intake was higher compared to the number of females in this particular group. Both males and females of lower educational qualifications reported higher rates of smoking. Health risks such as obesity were also higher among this group with it being more prominent among the males than the females. In this case, those women in the ages of 50 and 64 have not had a mammogram. They are also less likely to have a pap smear. These two health processes are very important for early detection of cancer and therefore, lack of these exposes the women with low educational qualifications to diseases like cancer (Meier Bren nan, 2016). In this case, the findings indicate that poor education can deny one an opportunity of accessing healthcare. The individuals who are 65 years of age and above with low educational qualifications are also more likely to have adverse health problems compared to those with higher educational qualifications. The number of males with bronchitis was higher compared to the males who had a bachelor degree or higher. Those with higher educational qualifications at this age are also less likely to engage in behaviors that put their health at risks such as smoking and drinking. Therefore, older individuals in Riverlands are more exposed to health inequalities based on their level of education, which hinders their communication (Uphoff Wright, 2013). Occupation Factors The third factor to be considered in determining the inequality in healthcare is the individuals occupation. An individuals occupation is a great indicator of an individuals socioeconomic status, which also determines the healthcare of the individual (Batterham Osborne, 2016) the impacts of an individuals occupation on their health can be direct or indirect. The direct impact is through the exposure to hazards at work and the indirect impact is the association of the occupation with a particular income level and living standards (Durand Elwyn, 2014). People who work in low-status occupations have a lower rating of their health compared to individuals in higher status occupations. The number of males that do manual labor who report chronic illnesses is higher compared to the number of females who do manual labor. Females who are in the low-status occupations were however reported lower incidences of breast cancer. Males in blue-collar occupations also have higher risks of occupational injuries (Gibney Leder, 2017). Both the males and females in blue-collar occupations are likely to have health-related issues from smoking. They are also less likely to participate in physical activities and as a result, they develop health complications. Males with lower occupations are more likely to drink high levels of alcohol compared to females in the same occupation (Gonzlez-Chica Stocks, 2017). Most of the individuals in the low-status jobs also have higher intakes of cholesterol with the main source of energy being derived from fats and su gars (Mather Korda, 2014). Therefore, the nature of work between individuals can hinder one from accessing healthcare based on the expenses that are associated with healthcare provision. Those between age 25-64 and working in blue collar jobs reported a lower rating in their health and reported more illnesses compared to those in the white collar jobs. In both females and males, those in blue-collar jobs reported higher rates of arthritis. The number of males in the blue-collar jobs with bronchitis was higher compared to the females. Both males and females are likely to engage in risky behaviors that may harm their health. Risky behaviors such as risky alcohol intake were reported to be higher in males compared to the females (Peres, Sabbah Antunes, 2015). Both the male and the female had higher health risks from smoking. However, males with blue-collar occupations reported fewer cases of hypertension compared to those in the white-collar jobs. Those in the blue-collar jobs are likely to consult a doctor as compared to those with white-collar jobs. Blue-collar male workers were less likely to consult specialists and dentists compared to the white-collar male workers . Women from age 50-64 in blue-collar occupations are more likely to have never had a mammogram or a pap smear (Turrell Giles-Corti, 2013). Individuals in blue-collar occupations with a lower status or level of skills had poorer health and engaged in risky behaviors compared to the individuals in the white collar occupations. In this case, the occupation of individuals and the level of income are some of the contributing factors that lead to health disparities in Riverlands (Zhang Oldenburg, 2014). In conclusion, the above analysis has indicated the factors that contribute to disparities in healthcare in River lands. Socioeconomic disadvantage, education, and occupation are some of the contributing factors to health care inequalities. These factors affect the kind of healthcare the individuals seek depending on their financial capabilities. These factors also determine whether these individuals engage in risky health behaviors. Therefore, in dealing with inequality in healthcare, it is important to put into the consideration the underlying factors that affect the health-related behaviors of individuals. These factors are important in understanding the inequality in healthcare by getting a better view of the contributing factors. References Badland, H., Aye, L., Butterworth, I (2014). Urban liveability: emerging lessons from Australia for exploring the potential for indicators to measure the social determinants of health. Social science medicine, 111, 64-73. Batterham, R. W., Osborne, R. H. (2016). Health literacy: applying current concepts to improve health services and reduce health inequalities. Public health, 132, 3-12. Durand, M. A., Elwyn, G. (2014). Do interventions designed to support shared decision-making reduce health inequalities? A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one, 9(4), e94670. Falster, K., Banks, Jorm, L. (2016). Inequalities in pediatric avoidable hospitalizations between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children in Australia: a population data linkage study. BMC pediatrics, 16(1), 169. Gibney, K. B., Leder, K. (2017). Sociodemographic and geographical inequalities in notifiable infectious diseases in Australia: a retrospective analysis of 21 years of national disease surveillance data. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 17(1), 86-97. Gonzlez-Chica, D. A., Stocks, N. (2017). Lower educational level and unemployment increase the impact of cardiometabolic conditions on the quality of life: results of a population-based study in South Australia. Quality of Life Research, 1-10. Gunasekara, F. I., Carter, K., McKenzie, S. (2013). Income?related health inequalities in working age men and women in Australia and New Zealand. Australian and New Zealand journal of public health, 37(3), 211-217. Mather, T., Korda, R. J. (2014). Variation in health inequalities according to measures of socioeconomic status and age. Australian and New Zealand journal of public health, 38(5), 436-440. Meier, P. Brennan, A. (2016). Estimated effects of different alcohol taxation and price policies on health inequalities: a mathematical modelling study. PLoS Med, 13(2), e1001963. Mithen, J., Kavanagh, A. M. (2015). Inequalities in social capital and health between people with and without disabilities. Social Science Medicine, 126, 26-35. Uphoff, E. P., Wright, J. (2013). A systematic review of the relationships between social capital and socioeconomic inequalities in health: a contribution to understanding the psychosocial pathway of health inequalities. International Journal for Equity in Health, 12(1), 54. Peres, M. A., Sabbah, W., Antunes, J. L., (2015). Income?related inequalities in inadequate dentition over time in Australia, Brazil and USA adults. Community dentistry and oral epidemiology, 43(3), 217-225. Turrell, G., Giles-Corti, B. (2013). Can the built environment reduce health inequalities? A study of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and walking for transport. Health place, 19, 89-98. Zhang, J., Oldenburg, B. F. (2014). Socioeconomic inequalities in utilization of preventive health services in relation to cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Journal of Behavioral Health, 3(2), 87-94.